Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Components

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose in absorption, comfort, and protection.

## Core Materials in Sanitary Pad Production

### Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton-like materials for premium products

Key properties: Softness, breathability, quick-drying capability

### Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most crucial component, responsible for fluid retention. It usually contains:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Sometimes blended with cotton fibers

Absorption capacity: Can hold 10-15 times its weight in liquid

### Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and keeps moisture from transferring to clothing. Common materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Nonwoven fabric composites

Important characteristics: Liquid-proof, flexible, and quiet during movement

## Additional Components

### Adhesive Systems

Sanitary pads incorporate several adhesive elements:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive for panty attachment
– Construction adhesives to bond layers
– Release paper for packaging protection

### Release Paper

This protective layer covers the adhesive before use and is typically made from:

– Silicone-coated paper
– Plastic films

## Material Properties and Considerations

### Absorbency

The combination of fluff pulp and SAP creates a highly efficient absorption system:

– Fluff pulp provides quick liquid acquisition
– SAP gels lock in moisture and prevent rewetting

### Comfort Factors

Manufacturers focus on:

– Breathability to reduce skin irritation
– Softness for sensitive skin
– Flexibility for body conformity

### Safety Standards

All materials must comply with:

– FDA regulations (for US market)
– EU cosmetic regulations

– Dermatological testing requirements

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments include:

– Biodegradable top sheets from plant fibers
– Compostable back sheets
– Reduced SAP content with maintained performance

## Conclusion

Understanding the raw material composition of sanitary pads helps consumers make informed choices about product quality, comfort, and safety. Manufacturers continue to innovate with new materials that improve performance while addressing environmental concerns. The careful selection and combination of these materials ensure that modern sanitary pads provide effective protection with maximum comfort.